![]() Moreover, then maritime accidents are expected to be reduced. ![]() Maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) will adopt advanced automatic sensing and intelligent decision-making technology, replacing the crew for decision-making and reducing mistakes caused by human factors. The intellectualization of vessels has gradually become a major trend in developing the global shipping industry. More than 56% of vessel collisions, which resulted in serious maritime accidents, were caused by a vessel navigator’s failure to correctly understand and execute the International Regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972 (COLREGs, 1972). Study shows that more than 80 percent of accidents at sea are caused by human factors. Many regulations and measures formulated by IMO, vessel’s flag state, port state and vessel owners were taken to ensure the safety of vessels, but maritime accidents still frequently happen. Any accidents at sea cause huge economic and life losses, as well as environmental damage. The simulation indicates the proposed method for the stand-on vessel can make correct collision-avoidance decisions autonomously.Īs one of the most important modes of transportation in the world trade, the shipping industry has attracted great attention, focusing on safety. Methods to find the stand-on vessel’s proper collision-avoidance actions in the open sea are presented. A novel model of collision risk index is constructed by the latest time of the feasible collision-avoidance action on the precise of different course-altering amplitude. The accuracy of the latest-action timing and the action amplitude for the stand-on vessel can be increased to the level of second and degree, respectively. ![]() This research presents a method to calculate the timing and most effective collision-avoidance actions for the stand-on vessel based on the four-stage theory of encountering vessels and the characteristics of vessel motion. To find the proper autonomous collision-avoidance action of the stand-on vessel, a method is proposed that combines quantitative analysis rules of collision-avoidance with the deduction of nonlinear maneuvering motion process based on the mathematical model group, which conformity can reach 90%. If the give-way vessel does not take appropriate collision-avoidance action according to international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, the last barrier to pass safely is the appropriate and effective collision-avoidance action taken by the stand-on vessel. A great number of collision accidents can be attributed to incongruous collision-avoidance actions between the give-way vessel and the stand-on vessel in a crossing or overtaking situation.
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